Gucukumbura Ibikoresho Rusange Kubifata
Ibikoresho byinshi byihuta ni ibyuma. Nkumuntu ukora mubikorwa byihuta, birakenewe kumva impinduka, itandukaniro nibisabwa. Gusobanukirwa ubwoko butandukanye bwibikoresho bikoreshwa kubifata ni ngombwa muguhitamo igikwiye kubisabwa byihariye. Dore incamake y'ibikoresho bisanzwe byihuta, ibihimbano, hamwe nibisanzwe:
Ⅰ. Ibyuma bya Carbone
Ibigize: Ibyuma bya karubone birimo icyuma cyane cyane hamwe na karubone nkeya (mubisanzwe munsi ya 1.7%) kandi rimwe na rimwe ibindi bintu nka manganese, silikoni, cyangwa sulfure.
Impamyabumenyi: Ibyuma bya karubone (byoroheje), ibyuma bya karubone yo hagati, ibyuma bya karuboni nyinshi.
♦Ibyuma bya karubone bike, bizwi kandi nk'ibyuma byoroheje, bifite karubone iri hagati ya 0,10% na 0.30%. Icyuma gike cya karubone cyoroshye kwemera gutunganywa bitandukanye nko guhimba, gusudira no gukata, kandi akenshi bikoreshwa mugukora iminyururu, imirongo, imigozi, ibiti, nibindi. Byinshi muribi bikoreshwa mubice byubwubatsi bitavuwe nubushyuhe, kandi bimwe bikoreshwa mubice byubukanishi bisaba kwihanganira kwambara nyuma ya karubone nubundi buryo bwo kuvura ubushyuhe.
♦Icyuma giciriritse giciriritse nicyuma cya karubone gifite karubone ya 0,25% kugeza 0.60%. Usibye karubone, irashobora kandi kuba irimo manganese nkeya (0,70% kugeza kuri 1,20%). Ukurikije ubuziranenge bwibicuruzwa, bigabanijwemo ibyuma bisanzwe byubatswe byubatswe nicyuma cyiza cya karubone. Ifite imikorere ishyushye no kugabanya imikorere, ariko imikorere mibi yo gusudira. Imbaraga nubukomezi biruta ibyuma bya karubone nkeya, mugihe plastike nubukomezi biri munsi yicyuma gito cya karubone. Icyuma giciriritse giciriritse gifite imiterere yubukanishi nyuma yo kuzimya no gushyuha. Kubwibyo, muburyo butandukanye hamwe nimbaraga ziciriritse, ibyuma bya karubone bigezweho bikoreshwa cyane. Usibye gukoreshwa nkibikoresho byubaka, inakoreshwa cyane mugukora ibice bitandukanye byubukanishi.
♦Icyuma kinini cya karubone, bakunze kwita ibyuma, gifite karubone iri hagati ya 0,60% na 1.70% kandi irashobora gukomera no gutwarwa.
Ibyingenzi Byakoreshejwe & Porogaramu: Bikunze gukoreshwa kubintu rusange-bigamije kwizirika nkaBolt, imbuto,imigozi, na sitidiyo. Zitanga imbaraga nziza kandi zihendutse. Ubuvuzi bwo hejuru nka plaque ya zinc burashobora gukoreshwa mugutezimbere ruswa.
Ⅱ. Ibyuma
Ibigize: Umuti wa fer, chromium (Chromium irimo 12% kugeza 30%), nibindi bintu nka nikel, molybdenum, na azote. Ibirimo bya chromium bitanga uburyo bwiza bwo kurwanya ruswa.
Chromium nikintu cyibanze gikora ibyuma bidafite ingese. Iyo ibintu bya chromium biri mu byuma bigera kuri 1,2%, chromium ikora hamwe na ogisijeni mu buryo bwangirika kugirango ikore firime yoroheje cyane (firime-passivation firime) hejuru yicyuma, ishobora gukumira irindi ruswa rya matrix. Usibye chromium, ibintu bisanzwe bikoreshwa bivanga harimo nikel, molybdenum, titanium, niobium, umuringa, azote, nibindi kugirango byuzuze ibisabwa mumashyirahamwe yicyuma kandi akora muburyo butandukanye.
Ubwoko: Austenitike (urugero, 201, 304, 316), Martensitike (urugero, 410, 420), Ferritike (urugero, 430,446).
Ibyingenzi Byakoreshejwe & Porogaramu: Ikoreshwa mubidukikije aho kurwanya ruswa ari ingenzi, nk'inganda zo mu nyanja, imiti, n'inganda zitunganya ibiribwa. Birakwiye kandi kubushyuhe bwo hejuru.
Ibyuma bitagira umwanda ntibishobora gutera ruswa, gutobora, ingese cyangwa kwambara. Ibyuma bitagira umwanda nabyo ni kimwe mubikoresho bikomeye mubikoresho byuma bikoreshwa mubwubatsi. Kuberako ibyuma bidafite ingese bifite imbaraga zo kurwanya ruswa, birashobora kugumana ubusugire bwubushakashatsi bwibikoresho byubaka burundu. Chromium irimo ibyuma bidafite ingese nayo ihuza imbaraga za mashini hamwe no kuramba cyane, byoroshye gutunganya no gukora ibice.
Ⅲ. Amashanyarazi
Ibigize: Harimo ijanisha ryinshi ryibintu bivangavanze (urugero, chromium, nikel, molybdenum, vanadium) ugereranije nicyuma cya karubone, itezimbere imitungo nkimbaraga, ubukomere, nubukomere.
Niba ibintu bya chromium biri mu byuma bivanze bigera kuri 12%, oxyde ya chromium yuzuye izagaragara hejuru yicyuma, bigatera impinduka zitunguranye mukurwanya ruswa kwangirika kwicyuma mubitangazamakuru bya okiside kandi bikanoza cyane. Ibintu nka chromium, aluminium, na silikoni birashobora kunoza okiside hamwe no kwangirika kwicyuma kuri gaze yubushyuhe bwo hejuru, ariko aluminiyumu na silikoni birenze urugero bizangiza ubushyuhe bwibyuma. Nickel ikoreshwa cyane mugukora no gutezimbere imiterere ya austenite, kugirango ibyuma bishobore kubona ibintu byiza byubukanishi, kurwanya ruswa no gukora neza. Molybdenum irashobora guhita yangiza ibyuma bitarwanya aside kandi ikanonosora ruswa yangiza ibisubizo birimo ioni ya chloride nibindi bitangazamakuru bitarimo okiside.
Impamyabumenyi: Ukurikije ibikubiye mu bintu bivangavanze, bigabanijwemo ibyuma bito bito (ibirimo 10%).
Ibyingenzi Byakoreshejwe & Porogaramu: Byakoreshejwe mumashanyarazi akomeye cyane kubinyabiziga, icyogajuru, hamwe nimashini ziremereye, aho hasabwa imbaraga nyinshi zo guhangana no kwambara.
Ⅳ. Umuringa
Ibigize: Umuringa usukuye cyangwa ibishishwa hamwe nibindi bike byuma nka tin (bronze) cyangwa zinc (umuringa).
Umuringa, icyuma gifite ibara ry'umutuku-umutuku, rifite ubucucike bwa 8,92 g / cm3. Gushonga ingingo 1083.4 ± 0.2 ℃, ingingo itetse 2567 ℃. Umuringa ni kimwe mu byuma bya mbere byavumbuwe n'abantu kandi ni kimwe mu byuma byiza. Birakomeye gato, birakomeye cyane kandi birwanya kwambara. Ifite kandi ihindagurika ryiza. Ifite ubushyuhe bwiza n'amashanyarazi. Umuringa hamwe na bimwe mu bivangavanze bifite imbaraga zo kurwanya ruswa kandi bihagaze neza mumuyaga wumye. Ariko mu kirere cyuzuye, igice cyicyatsi kibisi cyumuringa gishobora kubyara hejuru yacyo, bita verdigris. Irashobora gushonga muri acide ya nitric na acide sulfurike ishushe, kandi igashonga gato muri aside hydrochloric. Biroroshye kwangirika na alkali.
Ibyingenzi Byakoreshejwe & Porogaramu: Azwiho kuba afite amashanyarazi meza cyane no kurwanya ruswa. Gufata umuringa n'umuringa akenshi bikoreshwa muguhuza amashanyarazi no gukoresha marine.
Ⅴ. Aluminium
Ibigize: Amavuta meza ya aluminium cyangwa aluminiyumu, ashobora kuba arimo ibintu nka muringa, magnesium, silicon, cyangwa zinc.
Aluminium ni icyuma cyera cya feza cyera gifite ubucucike bwa 2.702 g / cm3, gushonga kwa 660.37 and, hamwe no guteka 2467 ℃. Ifite ubushyuhe bwiza, amashanyarazi n'amashanyarazi. Aluminium yitwa icyuma gikora, ariko firime yuzuye ya oxyde izakorwa hejuru yacyo mu kirere, ikabuza gukomeza kwitwara hamwe na ogisijeni n'amazi. Irashobora kwitwara hamwe na ogisijeni mubushyuhe bwinshi kugirango irekure ubushyuhe bwinshi. Ihame rya reaction ya thermite irashobora gukoreshwa mubikorwa, nko gusudira ibyuma byuma, gushonga ibyuma bivunika, no gukora pyrotechnique gakondo.
Ibyingenzi Byakoreshejwe & Porogaramu: Yoroheje kandi irwanya ruswa, bigatuma iba nziza mu kirere, mu modoka, no mu nyanja. Ibikoresho bya aluminiyumu nabyo bikoreshwa mubwubatsi na elegitoroniki kubera uburemere buke hamwe na magnetique.
Ibipimo
• ISO(International Organization for Standardization): Itanga amahame mpuzamahanga akoreshwa kwisi yose.
GB(Guobiao, Igipimo cy’igihugu cy’Ubushinwa): Ibipimo by’igihugu cy’Ubushinwa.
• KUVA(Deutsches Institut für Normung, Ikigo cy’Ubudage gishinzwe ubuziranenge): Ibipimo by’Ubudage, bizwi cyane ku rwego mpuzamahanga.
• AISI / SAE(Ikigo cy'Abanyamerika Cyuma n'Icyuma / Sosiyete y'Abashinzwe Imodoka): Ibipimo by'Abanyamerika, cyane cyane ku byuma.
• HE(Ibipimo by’inganda mu Buyapani): Ibipimo by’Ubuyapani, bikunze gukoreshwa mu bihugu bya Aziya.
Buri kintu kigira inyungu zacyo kandi cyatoranijwe hashingiwe kubisabwa byihariye bisabwa, nkimbaraga, kurwanya ruswa, ubushyuhe, nigiciro. Ni ngombwa guhitamo ibikoresho bikwiye hamwe n amanota kugirango wizere ko uwihuta akora neza mubidukikije.
Urubuga rwacu:https://www.fastoscrews.com/
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